Reinforced Concrete Thin Shell Sports Facilities

Kingdome — Seattle, Washington — A $67-million concrete multipurpose stadium, the Kingdome’s seating was designed for football and opened with a soccer match on April 9, 1976.

Kingdome — Seattle, Washington — A $67-million concrete multipurpose stadium, the Kingdome’s seating was designed for football and opened with a soccer match on April 9, 1976.

Yakima Valley SunDome — Yakima, Washington — Capacity: 5,602 for baseball; 6,698 for boxing; 3,831 to 7,926 for concerts; 4,850 for rodeo; 7,782 for wrestling; 5,686 for arena football

Yakima Valley SunDome — Yakima, Washington — Capacity: 5,602 for baseball; 6,698 for boxing; 3,831 to 7,926 for concerts; 4,850 for rodeo; 7,782 for wrestling; 5,686 for arena football

University of Illinois Assembly Hall—Urbana, Illinois — Performers and events hosted at Assembly Hall include The Rolling Stones, Garth Brooks, Elvis Presley, U2, Frank Sinatra, “Les Miserables,” Bob Hope, Mikhail Baryshnikov, Aerosmith, Reba McEntire, Tina Turner, “Cats,” Bill Cosby, University of Illinois Commencement, The Harlem Globetrotters, Bruce Springsteen, “Sesame Street Live!”, and countless others.

University of Illinois Assembly Hall—Urbana, Illinois — Performers and events hosted at Assembly Hall include The Rolling Stones, Garth Brooks, Elvis Presley, U2, Frank Sinatra, “Les Miserables,” Bob Hope, Mikhail Baryshnikov, Aerosmith, Reba McEntire, Tina Turner, “Cats,” Bill Cosby, University of Illinois Commencement, The Harlem Globetrotters, Bruce Springsteen, “Sesame Street Live!”, and countless others.

University of Illinois Assembly Hall—Urbana, Illinois — Assembly Hall opened on March 2, 1963 and continues to attract attention for its design and construction.

University of Illinois Assembly Hall—Urbana, Illinois — Assembly Hall opened on March 2, 1963 and continues to attract attention for its design and construction.

Hershey Park Arena—Hershey, Pennsylvania  — Hershey Park Arena, with seating for 7,350, has been home to hockey since its construction.

Hershey Park Arena—Hershey, Pennsylvania — Hershey Park Arena, with seating for 7,350, has been home to hockey since its construction.

Hershey Park Arena—Hershey, Pennsylvania  — This unique structure has hosted many events over the years, with one outstanding feature-not a bad seat in the house.

Hershey Park Arena—Hershey, Pennsylvania — This unique structure has hosted many events over the years, with one outstanding feature-not a bad seat in the house.

Pallazzo Dello Sport (Great Sports Palace)—Rome, Italy — Engineer Pier Luigi Nervi made this dome 194 feet in diameter and 69 feet in height.

Pallazzo Dello Sport (Great Sports Palace)—Rome, Italy — Engineer Pier Luigi Nervi made this dome 194 feet in diameter and 69 feet in height.

Thompson Arena, Dartmouth College—Hanover, New Hampshire — This facility includes five spacious, carpeted, dressing rooms for varsity, sub-varsity, and visiting teams, plus two complete training rooms, offices, the William Smoyer ’67 Lounge, where the Friends of Dartmouth Hockey receptions are held, as well as storage and skate-sharpening areas.

Thompson Arena, Dartmouth College—Hanover, New Hampshire — This facility includes five spacious, carpeted, dressing rooms for varsity, sub-varsity, and visiting teams, plus two complete training rooms, offices, the William Smoyer ’67 Lounge, where the Friends of Dartmouth Hockey receptions are held, as well as storage and skate-sharpening areas.

Leverone Field House, Dartmouth College—Hanover, New Hampshire — Leverone Field House has an indoor track, weight room, indoor practice area for football, lacrosse, soccer, golf, and rugby.

Leverone Field House, Dartmouth College—Hanover, New Hampshire — Leverone Field House has an indoor track, weight room, indoor practice area for football, lacrosse, soccer, golf, and rugby.

Norfolk SCOPE Arena & Conference Hall—Norfolk, Virginia — Norfolk Scope has the capacity of 85,000 square feet, 12,600 seats for sport events, 13,800 for conventions, and 150-seat restaurant.

Norfolk SCOPE Arena & Conference Hall—Norfolk, Virginia — Norfolk Scope has the capacity of 85,000 square feet, 12,600 seats for sport events, 13,800 for conventions, and 150-seat restaurant.

Waikiki Shell—Honolulu, Hawaii — The Waikiki Shell is an unique venur for outdoor concerts and other large gatherings.

Waikiki Shell—Honolulu, Hawaii — The Waikiki Shell is an unique venur for outdoor concerts and other large gatherings.

Waikiki Shell—Honolulu, Hawaii — The tropical climate of Hawaii makes the Waikiki Shell a perfect setting for a memorable afternoon lawn party or even concert.

Waikiki Shell—Honolulu, Hawaii — The tropical climate of Hawaii makes the Waikiki Shell a perfect setting for a memorable afternoon lawn party or even concert.

Kresge Auditorium, MIT—Cambridge, Massachusetts — This open-sided amphitheater was built in the 1940s as an orchestra shell on the shores of Green Lake.

Kresge Auditorium, MIT—Cambridge, Massachusetts — This open-sided amphitheater was built in the 1940s as an orchestra shell on the shores of Green Lake.

Kresge Auditorium, MIT—Cambridge, Massachusetts — Because there are no columns, every sear in Kresge Auditorium has an unobstructed view of the stage.

Kresge Auditorium, MIT—Cambridge, Massachusetts — Because there are no columns, every sear in Kresge Auditorium has an unobstructed view of the stage.

Brasilia National Congress Complex—Central Brazil — As an architectural experience or a dream of a futuristic city, this government facility is a unique one.

Brasilia National Congress Complex—Central Brazil — As an architectural experience or a dream of a futuristic city, this government facility is a unique one.

Brasilia National Congress Complex—Central Brazil — This complex is flanked by two bowls, one facing up, and one facing down.  It is both beautiful and abstract and quickly became one of the most recognizable icons in town.

Brasilia National Congress Complex—Central Brazil — This complex is flanked by two bowls, one facing up, and one facing down. It is both beautiful and abstract and quickly became one of the most recognizable icons in town.

Ellsworth AFB PRIDE Aircarft Hangar—Rapid City, South Dakota — Ellsworth AFB’s exterior appearance is historic, a reminder of the early cold war era and a period of significant growth for this base.

Ellsworth AFB PRIDE Aircarft Hangar—Rapid City, South Dakota — Ellsworth AFB’s exterior appearance is historic, a reminder of the early cold war era and a period of significant growth for this base.

Loring AFB Aircraft Hangar—Limestone, Maine — This structure is a parabolic arch with a span of 340 feet.

Loring AFB Aircraft Hangar—Limestone, Maine — This structure is a parabolic arch with a span of 340 feet.

Warner Auditorium, Anderson University—Anderson, Indiana — This auditorium is the headquarters of the International Church of God Convention.

Warner Auditorium, Anderson University—Anderson, Indiana — This auditorium is the headquarters of the International Church of God Convention.

Neal S. Blaisdell Center Arena—Honolulu, Hawaii — The Arena is a circular performance facility with unobstructed sight lines suitable for most events.

Neal S. Blaisdell Center Arena—Honolulu, Hawaii — The Arena is a circular performance facility with unobstructed sight lines suitable for most events.